Temperature doesn't change during phase change( melting, boiling etc..). Why?

The heat added to the solid is absorbed by the particles and it is utilised in overcoming the intermolecular force of attraction between the particles. So heat absorbed in solids is changed to potential energy without any change in kinetic energy of the molecules. As temperature in Kelvin scale is the measure of kinetic energy of particles, there is no change in temperature during melting.

CLOUDS APPEAR WHITE, WHY?

Cloud appears white due to the phenomena of scattering of white light. The water particles in the cloud are big in size as compared to air molecules and wavelength of light. Hence all the colours get scattered in equal intensity and mixture of all colours gives white light. This white light reaches our eyes giving the impression that colour of a cloud is white.

Temperature of surrounding falls after a heavy shower. Why?

Water has high specific heat capacity . It absorbs large amount of heat from the surrounding without  much rise in its temperature .Hence the temperature falls .

What is the main cause of magnetism?

The cause of magnetism is the flow of an electric charge. The rest charge is associated with an electric field only but the moving charges are associated with both electric and magnetic fields.

Our moon does not have atmosphere. Why?

The escape velocity of the moon is less than the average velocity of the atom or molecule of  gases. Hence all gas molecules escape out of moon's gravitational field .

WHY IS EARTHING OF AN APPLIANCE DONE?

Earthing is required in a circuit when
1. the appliance draws high current. High power devices draw large current.(Current =power/voltage).
2. the appliance has outer metallic case.

Why earth pin of a three pin plug is thicker and longer

It is longer so that when we put the plug into the socket, earth connection is made first for the safety.
It is thicker so that it is not inserted to the holes of live and neutral.
It has split ends so that the plug is fitted firmly into the socket to avoid sparking.

CALORIMETER

It is a device to measure the heat lost or gained by one substance mixed with another at different temperature.
It is based on the principle of mixtures or principle of calorimetry.
Calorimeter is made of thin sheet of copper kept in a wooden jacket to with other insulating materials so that the process exchange heat by conduction is checked. Its surfaces are polished to check the process of radiation. Wooden or asbestos lid is used to minimise the loss of heat by convection.

Thin sheet is used to lower the heat capacity.

Temperature falls as altitude increases, Why?

The volume of rising warm air increases with height due the availability of more space above. This expansion (Joule-Thompson effect) results in cooling effect. Hence hillstations have low temperature. This phenomena helps in the formation of clouds and various forms of precipitation.

FUSE WIRE

Fuse wire is a safety device to limit the current in an electric circuit. It gets melted when excess current flows in a circuit. It works with the principle of heating effect of electric current. It is made with an alloy of lead and tin (solder wire).
Its material has two important properties
1. It has low melting point (around 250 degree celcius).
2.  It has high resistivity.

Sky appears blue, why?

Question: Why does sky appear blue ?
Answer: Sky appears blue due to the scattering of light by air molecules. Blue components (violet, indigo, blue colours) of white light are scattered the most owing to their short wavelengths compared to other colours. This scattered blue light reaches our eyes and the sky appears blue.

It is advantageous to run before taking a long jump. Why?

When we run, our body gains inertia of motion due to which it wants to be in motion continuously. When we take long jump our body has the tendency to be thrown forward more.

NEWTON'S SECOND LAW OF MOTION

The Second law states that the rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the applied force and the change takes place in the direction of the force applied.

If u= initial velocity,
v=final velocity,
t= time taken to change the velocity from u to v,

Then
Initial momentum = mu
Final  momentum=mv

So change in momentum = mv-mu =m(v-u)
Hence the rate of change of momentum = m(v-u)/t

Therefore F= m(v-u)/t
  F=ma.
                            

NEWTON'S THIRD LAW

The law states that "to every action there is an equal and opposite reaction and these forces act on different bodies"

Examples

1. When a rocket is launched, the burnt gases are expelled down from the rocket body. Here action is on gases by the rocket body. Hence the gases exert an equal an opposite force on the rocket body in the upward direction. This is the reaction force. With this force rocket moves in upward direction.

ACTION...on the gases by the Rocket body.
REACTION..On the rocket by the burnt gases.

2. When a gun fires bullets, action is on the bullets by the gun and reaction on the gun by the bullets. Gun recoils back due to the reaction.

ACTION: On the bullets by the gun..
REACTION...on the gun by the bullets