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Refractive index and colour of a light

 Red colour has longest wavelength so it has maximum speed in a medium compared to other colours.  As it travels with maximum speed in a medium,  the refractive index of the medium for Red colour is minimum.

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Why are Liquids heated from below?

A liquid in a vessel is heated due to the process of convection. In convection heat is transferred by the actual movement of heated particles in upward direction. As the liquid is heated from below its density decreases and hence it rises up and cold liquid settles down and heated. This process continues till whole liquid is heated.