Loudness of a sound is the characteristic of a sound which depend on the intensity of energy it carries.
Intensity of a sound is the amount of energy passing through a surface area of one square metre held perpendicular per sec.
Intensity depends on square of amplitude of the wave passing. Hence we can say Loudness is directly proportional to the square of Amplitude. If amplitude is doubled, loudness becomes four times.
Loudness depends on distance of source from the listener.
Loudness depends on resonance also.
Which is always constant for a machine of given design: MA or VR ? Ans: VR remains constant for a machine of given design as it depends on the distances moved by the load and effort but MA can vary due to the friction developed between the moving parts of the machine.
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