The equation of continuity is
area of cross-section of flow of water × velocity of water = constant.
Hence the velocity of water is inversely proportional to the the area of cross-section of water flowing.
When water runs deep then the area of cross section of the flowing water is more than when its shallow so the velocity is less for deep water.
Which is always constant for a machine of given design: MA or VR ? Ans: VR remains constant for a machine of given design as it depends on the distances moved by the load and effort but MA can vary due to the friction developed between the moving parts of the machine.
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