PHYSICS

 Q: Fog/ cloud appears white. Why ? Ans: Light is scattered by the fog particles. As the size of the particles is bigger than the wavelength of light, all colours are scattered to equal extent giving back white light.  The property of light responsible for white clouds: scattering of light.

 Convex lens can behave as a concave lens and vice versa when the lens is placed in a medium with refractive index more than that of the lens. Convex lens diverges and concave converges the rays.

Ans:  The replica of an object  formed by the intersection of reflected rays is called an image. Image is formed when the reflected rays actually meet at a point        ( real image)or appear to meet( virtual image)

 ABSOLUTE  REFRACTIVE INDEX  The absolute refractive index of a medium is the ratio of speed of light in vacuum and the speed of light in the medium. Absolute refractive index = Speed of light in vacuum or air                                                     Speed of light in the medium  For example, A.r.i of glass = speed of light in vacuum/speed of light in glass  3×10⁸/2×10⁸= 3/2=1.5 Its value is equal or more than 1. For vacuum or air, its value is 1. So its minimum value is 1. RELATIVE REFRACTIVE INDEX  The relative refractive index of a medium (a) with respect to another medium (b) is the ratio of speed of light in medium (b) and the speed of light in medium (a). Relative refractive index of  (a) wrt (b)=Speed of light in medium (b )                        ...

 Answer:  Inner pulleys are smaller than others to eradicate the frictional force between the ropes and inner pulleys while in use.

Spanner has a long handle. Why? Answer: When perpendicular distance between the force and the axis of rotation is large, smaller force is required to produce  the desired torque.

Terminal voltage of a dry cell is 1.3 V. It means that the cell can supply 1.3J of energy to move unit positive charge across its terminals in the external circuit connected to the cell.

Emf of a dry cell is 1.5 V. It means that the cell can supply 1.5 joule of energy to move 1 coulomb of charge all around the circuit ( outside and inside  the cell).

  MCB stands for  a) miniature circuit board  b) miniature circuit band c) miniature circuit breaker d) miniature circuit blocker Ans: c

Q1: What is radioactivity? A:  The  phenomenon of spontaneous emission of alpha particle or beta particle and gamma rays  from an unstable nucleus is called radioactivity.   Q2: When does a nucleus  become unstable ? A: When the number of neutrons become much more than that of protons. Q3: Which part of the atom takes part in radioactivity ? A: Nucleus Q4: What happens to the radioactive behaviour of a radioactive sample if it is chemically oxidized ? A: The radioactive behaviour does not change. As oxidation is the chemical change, it does not affect the nuclear activity. Q5: How does the atomic number and mass number change if a radioactive nucleus releases one alpha particle ? A: Atomic number decreases by 2 and mass number decreases by 4 Q6: How does the atomic number and mass number change if a radioactive nucleus releases one beta particle? A: Atomic number increases by 1 and mass number does not change.

Q. If a simple pendulum is taken to the moon from the earth without changing the length, what is the effect on it's time period? Ans: As the time period of a simple pendulum is inversely proportional to the square root of acceleration due to gravity and the acceleration due to gravity of the moon is less than that of the earth, time period increases (square root of 6 times)

 Q: Why does a current carrying conductor placed in an magnetic field experiences force ? Ans: Moving charges experience force in magnetic field. So when a current carrying conductor is placed in the magnetic field,it experiences force due to the force on moving charges inside it. The formula F=IBLsin@, I= Current,  B =external magnetic field  L is the length of conductor inside the magnetic field. MAXIMUM FORCE When the  conductor is placed perpendicular to the magnetic field. MINIMUM FORCE When the conductor is placed parallel to the magnetic fields 

 Question: What are subjective and objective properties of sound ? Answer : Subjective properties are basically the properties which can be measured directly. Loudness, pitch (shrillness) and quality(Timbre) of sound are subjective properties. But these properties  are related to the the measurable quantities  called objective properties.  Objective properties are the properties which can be measured. Intensity,  Amplitude, frequency, wavelength,  time period, intensity, fundamental frequency,  subsidiary frequencies are objective properties.  Loudness depends on amplitude,  intensity of the sound. Pitch(shrillness) depends on frequency. Quality (Timbre) depends on waveform( combination of primary and subsidiary notes).